| Description: | This Protocol requires as a first step, to freeze emissions of nitrogen oxides or their transboundary fluxes. The general reference year is 1987 (with the exception of the United States that chose to relate its emission target to 1978).
The second step to the NOx Protocol requires the application of an effects-based approach. Applying the multi-pollutant, multi-effect critical load approach, a new instrument being prepared at present should provide for further reduction of emissions of nitrogen compounds, including ammonia, and volatile organic compounds, in view of their contribution to photochemical pollution, acidification and eutrophication, and their effects on human health, the environment and materials, by addressing all significant emission sources.
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